Bibliografía

Listado completo de las obras citadas, generado automáticamente a partir de referencias.bib con el estilo definido en apa-es.csl. Cada apartado tiene además su propio bloque plegable con solo las referencias que utiliza.

Aach, J., Lunshof, J., Iyer, E., & Church, G. M. (2017). Addressing the ethical issues raised by synthetic human entities with embryo-like features. eLife, 6, e20674. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20674.

Abrams, K., & Garrett, B. L. (2015). DNA and Distrust. Notre Dame Law Review, 91(2), 757-813. https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr/vol91/iss2/6.

Abramson, J., Adler, J., Dunger, J., Evans, R., Green, T., Pritzel, A., Ronneberger, O., Willmore, L., Ballard, A. J., Bambrick, J., Bodenstein, S. W., Evans, D. A., Hung, C.-C., O’Neill, M., Reiman, D., Tunyasuvunakool, K., Wu, Z., Žemgulytė, A., Arvaniti, E., … Jumper, J. M. (2024). Accurate structure prediction of biomolecular interactions with AlphaFold 3. Nature, 630(8016), 493-500. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07487-w.

Adamala, K. P., Agashe, D., Belkaid, Y., Bittencourt, D. M. de C., Cai, Y., Chang, M. W., Chen, I. A., Church, G. M., Cooper, V. S., Davis, M. M., Devaraj, N. K., Endy, D., Esvelt, K. M., Glass, J. I., Hand, T. W., Inglesby, T. V., Isaacs, F. J., James, W. G., Jones, J. D. G., … Zuber, M. T. (2024). Confronting risks of mirror life. Science, 386(6728), 1351-1353. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ads9158.

Adel, S., & Carels, N. (2023). Plant Tolerance to Drought Stress with Emphasis on Wheat. Plants, 12(11), 2170. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12112170.

Agar, N. (1998). Liberal Eugenics. Public Affairs Quarterly, 12(2), 137-155.

Agar, N. (2004). Liberal Eugenics: In Defence of Human Enhancement. Oxford: Blackwell.

Agar, N. (2010). Humanity’s End: Why We Should Reject Radical Enhancement. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Agencia Europea de Medicamentos. (2013). Resumen del EPAR para el público general: Glivec (imatinib). (n.º EMA/368879/2013). EMA. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/overview/glivec-epar-summary-public_es.pdf.

Agencia SINC. (2014). El caso Glivec, paradigma del debate sobre las patentes farmacéuticas en países en vías de desarrollo. https://www.agenciasinc.es/Opinion/El-caso-Glivec-paradigma-del-debate-sobre-las-patentes-farmaceuticas-en-paises-en-vias-de-desarrollo.

Ain, N.-U., Haider, F. U., Fatima, M., Habiba, Zhou, Y., & Ming, R. (2022). Genetic Determinants of Biomass in C4 Crops: Molecular and Agronomic Approaches to Increase Biomass for Biofuels. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 839588. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.839588.

Al Jazeera. (2026). Japan Shuts Reactor at World’s Biggest Nuclear Plant a Day after Restart. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/1/22/japan-shuts-reactor-at-worlds-biggest-nuclear-plant-a-day-after-restart.

Alonso, M., & Savulescu, J. (2021). He Jiankui´s gene‐editing experiment and the non‐identity problem. Bioethics, 35(6), 563-573. https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12878.

Alsan, M., & Wanamaker, M. (2017). Tuskegee and the Health of Black Men*. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 133(1), 407-455. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjx029.

American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2025). Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Polygenic Conditions (PGT-P): An Ethics Committee Opinion. ASRM Ethics; Practice Committees. Concluye que la tecnología no está lista para la práctica clínica y no debe ofrecerse como servicio reproductivo. https://www.asrm.org/news-and-events/asrm-news/press-releasesbulletins/asrm-ethics-and-practice-committees-release-new-report-concluding-polygenic-embryo-screening-is-not-ready-for-clinical-use/.

American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy. (2026). Gene, Cell & RNA Therapy Landscape Report, Q1 2026. ASGCT. Informe trimestral de seguimiento del sector; ediciones anteriores en asgct.org/news-publications/landscape-report. https://www.asgct.org/uploads/files/general/Landscape-Report-2026-Q1.pdf.

American Society of Human Genetics. (2023). Facing Our History—Building an Equitable Future: Final Report. American Society of Human Genetics. Documenta que hasta nueve presidentes de la ASHG formaron parte de la junta o presidieron la American Eugenics Society entre 1926 y 1972. https://www.ashg.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/ASHG-Facing-Our-History-Initiative-Statement-and-Press-Release-NOT-EMBARGOED.pdf.

Andersen, R. (2012). Why Cognitive Enhancement Is in Your Future (and Your Past). https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/02/why-cognitive-enhancement-is-in-your-future-and-your-past/252566/.

Anderson, D. J. et al. (2025). Xenotransplantation Literature Update: January–June 2025. Xenotransplantation, 32(1). DOI pendiente de verificación.

Annas, G. J., Andrews, L. B., & Isasi, R. M. (2002). Protecting the Endangered Human: Toward an International Treaty Prohibiting Cloning and Inheritable Alterations. American Journal of Law & Medicine, 28(2-3), 151-178.

Anomaly, J. (2018). Defending eugenics: From cryptic choice to conscious selection. Monash Bioethics Review, 35(1-4), 24-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40592-018-0081-2.

Anzalone, A. V., Randolph, P. B., Davis, J. R., Sousa, A. A., Koblan, L. W., Levy, J. M., Chen, P. J., Wilson, C., Newby, G. A., Raguram, A., & Liu, D. R. (2019). Search-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA. Nature, 576(7785), 149-157. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1711-4.

Arora, A. S., & Arora, A. (2020). The Race Between Cognitive and Artificial Intelligence: Examining Socio-Ethical Collaborative Robots Through Anthropomorphism and Xenocentrism in Human-Robot Interaction. International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies, 16(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijiit.2020010101.

Arora, N. K., & Bouizgarne, B. (eds.). (2022). Microbial Biotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture, Volume 1. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4843-4.

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Asociación Española de Bioempresas. (2026). Informe AseBio 2025. Madrid: AseBio. Informe anual de la patronal del sector. Contabiliza 1.119 empresas biotecnológicas en España, un 10,4 % más que el año anterior. https://www.asebio.com/sites/default/files/2026-06/Informe%20AseBio%202025_red_4.pdf.

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Azadi, H., Samiee, A., Mahmoudi, H., Jouzi, Z., Rafiaani Khachak, P., De Maeyer, P., & Witlox, F. (2015). Genetically modified crops and small-scale farmers: main opportunities and challenges. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3109/07388551.2014.990413.

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Baker, A. (2021). Shaping the Developing World: The West, the South, and the Natural World. Washington, DC: CQ Press. Cap. 2, «Human Development and Underdevelopment», pp. 31-54.

Baker, D., & Church, G. (2024). Protein design meets biosecurity. Science, 383(6681), 349-349. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ado1671.

Balding, D. J., & Steele, C. D. (2015). Weight‐of‐Evidence for Forensic DNA Profiles. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118814512.

Balz, D. (1997). Sweden Sterilized Thousands of «Useless» Citizens for Decades. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1997/08/29/sweden-sterilized-thousands-of-useless-citizens-for-decades/3b9abaac-c2a6-4be9-9b77-a147f5dc841b/.

Barreto, F. K., Santos, L. A., Giovanetti, M., Fonseca, V., Aburjaile, F., Silva, J. A., Freitas, C., Peterka, C. R. L., Rico, J. M., Almiron, M., Melo, C. F. C. de A. e., & Alcântara, L. C. J. (2023). Technology transfer during the COVID-19 pandemic: report on the first face-to-face practical training course in Brazil. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde, 32(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/s2237-96222023000200017.

Barrie, R. (2025). Pfizer Shelves Haemophilia Gene Therapy Beqvez amid Low Demand. https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/newsletters/pfizer-shelves-haemophilia-gene-therapy-beqvez-amid-low-demand/.

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Bawa, A. S., & Anilakumar, K. R. (2012). Genetically modified foods: safety, risks and public concerns—a review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 50(6), 1035-1046. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-012-0899-1.

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BBC News Mundo. (2026). Usan por primera vez inteligencia artificial para crear virus totalmente nuevos. https://www.bbc.com/mundo/articles/cgk4ek6xke3o.

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Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2019). Principles of Biomedical Ethics. New York: Oxford University Press.

Bekhit, A. E.-D. A., Morton, J. D., Bhat, Z. F., & Kong, L. (2018). Impact of Fermentation Conditions on the Physicochemical Properties, Fatty Acid and Cholesterol Contents in Salted-Fermented Hoki Roe. Food Chemistry, 264, 73-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.008.

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Bhandari, U., Gajurel, A., Khadka, B., Thapa, I., Chand, I., Bhatta, D., Poudel, A., Pandey, M., Shrestha, S., & Shrestha, J. (2023). Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Response of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) to Drought Stress: A Review. Heliyon, 9(3), e13744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13744.

Bhat, R. A., Dervash, M. A., Hakeem, K. R., & Masoodi, K. Z. (2022). Environmental Biotechnology: Sustainable Remediation of Contamination in Different Environs. Apple Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003277279.

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Bleker, L. S., Rooij, S. R. de, Painter, R. C., Ravelli, A. C., & Roseboom, T. J. (2021). Cohort profile: the Dutch famine birth cohort (DFBC)— a prospective birth cohort study in the Netherlands. BMJ Open, 11(3), e042078. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042078.

Bollinedi, H., S., G. K., Prabhu, K. V., Singh, N. K., Mishra, S., Khurana, J. P., & Singh, A. K. (2017). Molecular and Functional Characterization of GR2-R1 Event Based Backcross Derived Lines of Golden Rice in the Genetic Background of a Mega Rice Variety Swarna. PLOS ONE, 12(1), e0169600. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169600.

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Borg, E., & Policante, A. (2024). The Gene Editing Business: Rent Extraction in the Biotech Industry. Review of Political Economy, 37(4), 1510-1545. https://doi.org/10.1080/09538259.2024.2401480.

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Brannigan, R., Tanskanen, A., Huttunen, M. O., Cannon, M., Leacy, F. P., & Clarke, M. C. (2019). The role of prenatal stress as a pathway to personality disorder: longitudinal birth cohort study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 216(2), 85-89. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.190.

Bredenoord, A. (2010). Genetic Dilemmas and the Right to an Open Future. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 86(2), 108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.01.004.

Brodsky, A. (2025). Breakthroughs in the Blood: Leveraging Liquid Biopsy to Improve Cancer Care. https://www.aacr.org/blog/2025/05/21/breakthroughs-in-the-blood-leveraging-liquid-biopsy-to-improve-cancer-care/.

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Buchanan, A. (2011a). Better than Human: The Promise and Perils of Enhancing Ourselves. Nueva York: Oxford University Press.

Buchanan, A. (2011b). Beyond Humanity? The Ethics of Biomedical Enhancement. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Buchanan, A. E., Brock, D. W., Daniels, N., & Wikler, D. (2001). From Chance to Choice: Genetics and Justice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511806940.

Buiatti, M., Christou, P., & Pastore, G. (2013). The Application of GMOs in Agriculture and in Food Production for a Better Nutrition: Two Different Scientific Points of View. Genes & Nutrition, 8(3), 255-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12263-012-0316-4.

Bustamante-Aragonés, A., Fernández, E., Peciña, A., Rueda, J., Ramos, C., Giménez, C., Monfort, S., & Rubio, C. (2016). Guía de buenas prácticas en diagnóstico genético preimplantacional. Medicina Reproductiva y Embriología Clínica, 3(2), 104-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medre.2016.05.002.

Cambridge Reproduction, & Progress Educational Trust. (2024). Code of Practice for the Generation and Use of Human Stem Cell-Based Embryo Models. University of Cambridge. Primer código de conducta del mundo para este tipo de investigación; grupo de trabajo presidido por Roger Sturmey. https://www.repro.cam.ac.uk/scbemcode.

Cao, G., Xuan, X., Zhang, R., Hu, J., & Dong, H. (2021). Gene Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease: Basic Research and Clinical Prospects. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.760140.

Capano, G., Howlett, M., Jarvis, D. S. L., Ramesh, M., & Goyal, N. (2020). Mobilizing Policy (In)Capacity to Fight COVID-19: Understanding Variations in State Responses. Policy and Society, 39(3), 285-308. https://doi.org/10.1080/14494035.2020.1787628.

Cavaliere, G. (2017). A 14-day limit for bioethics: the debate over human embryo research. BMC Medical Ethics, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-017-0198-5.

Cell Genomics. (2025). Dynamics of Genome Evolution in the Era of Pangenome Analysis. Cell Genomics. https://www.cell.com/cell-genomics/fulltext/S2666-979X(25)00323-4.

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Chen, Z., Wang, J., Xu, Y., Wang, F., Huang, R., & Xu, P. (2022). Efficient Breeding of Low Glutelin Content Rice Germplasm by Simultaneous Editing Multiple Glutelin Genes via CRISPR/Cas9. Plant Science, 324, 111449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111449.

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Chiaradia, I., Imaz-Rosshandler, I., Nilges, B. S., Boulanger, J., Pellegrini, L., Das, R., Kashikar, N. D., & Lancaster, M. A. (2023). Tissue morphology influences the temporal program of human brain organoid development. Cell Stem Cell, 30(10), 1351-1367.e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2023.09.003.

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Cyranoski, D., & Ledford, H. (2018). Genome-edited baby claim provokes international outcry. Nature, 563(7733), 607-608. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-07545-0.

Czech, H., Hildebrandt, S., Reis, S. P., Chelouche, T., Fox, M., González-López, E., Lepicard, E., Ley, A., Offer, M., Ohry, A., Rotzoll, M., Sadeghi, S., Seeman, M. V., Weindling, P., Wynia, M. K., & Roelcke, V. (2023). The Lancet Commission on Medicine, Nazism, and the Holocaust: Historical Evidence, Implications for Today, Teaching for Tomorrow. The Lancet, 402(10415), 1867-1940. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01845-7.

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